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[Music]

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welcome and good morning

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my name is theron pratzi i'm the chief

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operating officer here at the kennedy

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space center visitor complex

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the story of space is a story of humans

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calling to explore

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on behalf of all associates at delaware

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north it is our honor to share this

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story with the people from all over the

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world

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today

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is about honoring the three brave men of

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apollo 1 who are pioneers of space

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exploration this tribute to virgil gus

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grissom edward white and roger chaffee

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focuses on their heroes who gave gave

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their lives to further space exploration

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and pave the way for future space

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exploration

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this tribute will teach many generations

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of the people who these heroes were

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as astronauts and as fathers and to know

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that their legacy will forever live on

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we often say we stand on the shoulders

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of giants

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this tribute serves as a reminder of

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these courageous heroes who made the

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ultimate sacrifice

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they are part of an ongoing story of

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making the impossible possible

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and making dreams a reality

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today we are honored as well to have two

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men from the apollo program general

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charlie duke general tom stafford here

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with us today as well as many other

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shuttle astronauts and future astronauts

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for further space exploration

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like to thank you for being here today

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as we honor these three brave men

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we honor each of you the family members

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the friends

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and the kennedy space center workforce

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and now i'd like to introduce mr robert

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cabana our kennedy space center director

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thanks darren

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so the 50th anniversary of the apollo 1

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fire i think it's about time that we

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paid tribute to the crew with a memorial

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here at the kennedy space center and i

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couldn't be more proud of what we've

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accomplished

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we did this in partnership with the

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families and i want to thank the family

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members who are here for your time and

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effort in helping us make

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our vision a reality i think you're

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going to be extremely pleased when you

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have a chance to get inside

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and

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[Music]

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see what we have accomplished here i

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want to thank kelvin manning my

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associate director kelvin led the effort

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to get this done on time in six months

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and it's he did an absolutely

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outstanding job i want to thank delaware

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north and brph for

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the design and building of this uh

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tribute it's absolutely outstanding

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today's tribute is about admiration and

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respect admiration and respect of the

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apollo 1 crew

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you know yesterday we had our day of

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remembrance at ksc and uh

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mike collins uh commented on each crew

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member

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and one of the things that he mentioned

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was

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we didn't go to the moon in spite of the

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apollo 1 fire

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we made it to the moon because of the

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apollo 1 fire it was because of this

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crew

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were kept safe that we were able to

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actually get to the moon and we do stand

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on their shoulders

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admiration and respect

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this astronaut pin that you notice over

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here looks a little different than the

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one i'm wearing when astronauts get

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selected they complete their astronaut

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candidate training and they're given a

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silver astronaut pin

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and when they fly in space they get a

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gold one that flew in space with them

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and i remember wally sherrod designed

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this pin one of the original

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seven mercury astronauts and he

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corrected me one day i was wearing it

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straight up and down he walked up and he

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twisted it and he said it's supposed to

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point at your throat at an angle i said

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yes sir

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and uh

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deke slayton the original apollo 7

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astronauts

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was chief of the astronaut office uh

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deke was medically grounded and didn't

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get to fly and he wasn't going to get

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his gold pin

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and gus grissom and the crew of apollo 1

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they had such admiration and respect for

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deke that they designed a gold pin

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uniquely for him they knew he wouldn't

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wear the same one that the astronauts

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wore and it had the diamond in the top

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of it and it was their plan to fly it on

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apollo 1 and give it to d

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well

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that wasn't possible

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and it came upon the wives of the apollo

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1 crew to take that pin

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and present it to deke

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and it was neil armstrong that took that

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pin

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aboard apollo 11 and took it to the moon

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so it finally did fly in space and was

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presented back to him deke eventually

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flew flew with tom stafford on the

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apollo soyuz test project and uh and

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earned his gold astronaut pin but it was

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always this pin

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that he wore so just as the crew had

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admiration and respect for deke we have

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admiration and respect for them

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so

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special day and i want to introduce

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somebody very special to the space

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program lieutenant general tom stafford

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to share his remembrances on the crew

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and the apollo program

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general stafford is a a 1952 graduate of

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my alma mater the united states naval

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academy which is the undergraduate

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institution with more astronauts than

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any other

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i would like to point that out

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general tom went into the air force he

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was also the first one in his class to

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make one two and three star rank a

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four-time space flier he flew on

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a gemini six first rendezvous in space

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he commanded gemini nine with the second

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eva in space he commanded apollo 10

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didn't actually get to land on the moon

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but did the first lunar rendezvous and

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got very close to the surface paving the

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way for the apollo 11 crew to make it

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there safely and then the apollo soyuz

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test project

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would set the stage for our cooperation

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with the russians on the shuttle mirror

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program in the international space

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station

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please welcome

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lieutenant general tom stafford

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thank you bob and

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it was really great to see this total

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facility delaware north

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all the people

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that has contributed so much to it it is

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really fitting

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for those three

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wonderful individuals roger

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ed and gus

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i knew them well

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they were great individuals

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and it's so fitting that you have this

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memorial to them

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thank you bob it's your idea

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you know

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when i think of

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the apollo 1 crew

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and really you think of the total

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environment

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that we were in at the time

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and everybody involved in that from the

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president on down

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and the 400 000 people that worked on it

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trying to think of something that would

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describe it

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and to me the one word

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was probably the best suited is courage

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it was courage

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courage of the people

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courage of the wives to stay home

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manage a family

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courage of the technicians the workers

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that did that

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and just to

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understand history

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the courage that faced that president

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kennedy had to stand up to

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he was faced with the fact

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the euro gagarin had made the one orbit

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flight thereon april of 1261

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and then

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on may the fifth alan shepard

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did 15 minutes out of the cape

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mercury redstone

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200 miles downstream

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but

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he wanted something that would keep

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america ahead

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and he had the courage to say we will do

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that

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but to just give you a little bit of

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history

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he went to vice president johnson who

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headed the space council says mr vice

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president

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i want to know what can we do to reap

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ahead of the soviets

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and i need the answer in two weeks

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so

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lbj was not a shrinking valley he said

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i'll have the answer for you mr

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president

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then he gathered dr von braun and dr

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gilruth

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abe silverstein maxwell j around

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and in two weeks he came back he said mr

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president

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here's what we have we have three

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situations number one

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is if we do not think there's any way

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the united states

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can beat the soviet union on a free

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return around the moon

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and they can say the soviets have been

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to the moon that would show the rest of

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the world

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there's about a 50 chance

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that we can equal them in orbiting the

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moon

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but we feel confident mr president there

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is no way

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that they can beat us

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in landing on the moon

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and safely returning

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and that will tax the best of america

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it'll put us ahead technically

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economically

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and kennedy had the courage to say

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that's what we'll do and then

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three weeks after al shepherd's flight

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he went in front of the congress

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and puts forth

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project apollo he didn't use apollo then

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he used the word we'll land a man on the

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moon and safely return turns out we had

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two men on the moon and safely return as

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you know charlie

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and

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from that

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i want to talk about the three people

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roger ed and gus

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and work them in

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with what we had

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first uh became obvious you know to go

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to the moon it's going to take really a

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bridge step

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something for long duration flight

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finally rounded again there were three

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there were three options that came up

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the first dr gilruth at houston

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he wanted to go directly to the moon

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he would have a giant booster

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they weigh around 14 million pounds

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it'll be two and a half times bigger

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than this one

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it'd be awesome and it'd drop off stages

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and return

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dr von braun wanted one

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weigh about 10 million pounds say

287
00:11:33,110 --> 00:11:31,120
around one and a half times as big as a

288
00:11:35,350 --> 00:11:33,120
saturn v

289
00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:35,360
the rendezvous and earth orbit

290
00:11:39,590 --> 00:11:37,440
drop off sages direct

291
00:11:42,069 --> 00:11:39,600
and finally from wrangley dr

292
00:11:45,590 --> 00:11:42,079
john hibolt came back and said no the

293
00:11:48,310 --> 00:11:45,600
answer is a lunar orbit rendezvous

294
00:11:49,590 --> 00:11:48,320
drastically reduce the weight the cost

295
00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:49,600
the time

296
00:11:53,430 --> 00:11:51,040
and he was right

297
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:53,440
so it was only one year and two months

298
00:11:56,710 --> 00:11:54,880
after

299
00:11:59,430 --> 00:11:56,720
president kennedy made the commitment it

300
00:12:00,949 --> 00:11:59,440
was finally decided how we will go to

301
00:12:04,949 --> 00:12:00,959
the motors

302
00:12:07,030 --> 00:12:04,959
and we'll use the lunar orbit rendezvous

303
00:12:08,629 --> 00:12:07,040
so we started off

304
00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:08,639
but fortunately

305
00:12:13,269 --> 00:12:11,440
we were very fortunate the dick slayton

306
00:12:15,750 --> 00:12:13,279
assigned gus grissom

307
00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:15,760
the task of going to

308
00:12:20,550 --> 00:12:17,760
mcdonald would won the contract for

309
00:12:23,030 --> 00:12:20,560
germany and gus lived there

310
00:12:25,430 --> 00:12:23,040
for nearly two years

311
00:12:28,949 --> 00:12:25,440
designing the cockpit

312
00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:28,959
worked on the systems the subsystems

313
00:12:31,590 --> 00:12:30,160
and in fact

314
00:12:33,110 --> 00:12:31,600
everything about it

315
00:12:35,110 --> 00:12:33,120
was gus

316
00:12:37,269 --> 00:12:35,120
and we kind of laughingly call it the

317
00:12:38,550 --> 00:12:37,279
gospel bill

318
00:12:41,030 --> 00:12:38,560
and

319
00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:41,040
to to a lot of us what made gemini so

320
00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:42,320
successful

321
00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:44,880
was all that dedication and effort that

322
00:12:49,590 --> 00:12:47,040
gusts put into that

323
00:12:52,870 --> 00:12:49,600
unfortunately we did not have the same

324
00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:52,880
type on apollo

325
00:12:57,829 --> 00:12:54,959
and once we started out

326
00:13:01,350 --> 00:12:59,750
we started down the road

327
00:13:02,629 --> 00:13:01,360
and then in germany

328
00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:02,639
we

329
00:13:07,509 --> 00:13:03,760
flew

330
00:13:10,949 --> 00:13:07,519
10 missions in germany in 20 months

331
00:13:17,910 --> 00:13:10,959
which is unbelievable but we did

332
00:13:22,150 --> 00:13:18,829
and

333
00:13:23,190 --> 00:13:22,160
uh i was very fortunate i was

334
00:13:24,949 --> 00:13:23,200
the uh

335
00:13:26,150 --> 00:13:24,959
assigned to the backup crew the first

336
00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:26,160
flight first

337
00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:28,560
could be gus grissom john young

338
00:13:33,269 --> 00:13:31,120
roy chiran our backup

339
00:13:35,590 --> 00:13:33,279
but we went to st louis and we lived

340
00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:35,600
there for nearly eight months

341
00:13:39,670 --> 00:13:37,680
and we worked nearly full time with that

342
00:13:41,590 --> 00:13:39,680
spacecraft as it was being assembled and

343
00:13:43,829 --> 00:13:41,600
put together

344
00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:43,839
and unfortunately we did not have that

345
00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:45,040
same

346
00:13:49,269 --> 00:13:47,440
time frame or ability

347
00:13:50,870 --> 00:13:49,279
and we didn't have a gus grissom to go

348
00:13:53,189 --> 00:13:50,880
out to apollo

349
00:13:54,310 --> 00:13:53,199
as it was being formulated put together

350
00:13:56,949 --> 00:13:54,320
rockwell

351
00:13:59,350 --> 00:13:56,959
had or north america at the time

352
00:14:01,269 --> 00:13:59,360
had a few pilots i think they had one

353
00:14:02,550 --> 00:14:01,279
test pilot and they did the best of

354
00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:02,560
their ability

355
00:14:07,030 --> 00:14:05,120
but there was a lot lacking

356
00:14:08,710 --> 00:14:07,040
but in germany we did

357
00:14:10,629 --> 00:14:08,720
we carried out the

358
00:14:12,389 --> 00:14:10,639
first rendezvous which i

359
00:14:14,069 --> 00:14:12,399
had the privilege of doing with wally

360
00:14:16,949 --> 00:14:14,079
germany six

361
00:14:18,389 --> 00:14:16,959
we had the 14-day duration mission

362
00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:18,399
frank gorman

363
00:14:21,350 --> 00:14:20,240
jim lovell

364
00:14:23,189 --> 00:14:21,360
we had

365
00:14:28,829 --> 00:14:23,199
the first spacewalk

366
00:14:31,269 --> 00:14:28,839
and it was only it was 22 minutes if i'm

367
00:14:32,150 --> 00:14:31,279
correct and he had a great time out

368
00:14:34,550 --> 00:14:32,160
there

369
00:14:35,829 --> 00:14:34,560
but on coming back in ingressing to the

370
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:35,839
spacecraft

371
00:14:40,150 --> 00:14:38,320
ed ran into a big problem

372
00:14:42,230 --> 00:14:40,160
and that was getting back in the suit

373
00:14:44,470 --> 00:14:42,240
ballooned on him

374
00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:44,480
and the germany was big enough the

375
00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:46,480
shoulders ballooned that was all right

376
00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:48,000
it was a height

377
00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:50,000
we had a maneuver called the alley-oop

378
00:14:54,629 --> 00:14:52,000
maneuver where you had to reach under

379
00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:54,639
the panel grab a hold of the bars pull

380
00:14:59,750 --> 00:14:56,240
yourself double

381
00:15:01,430 --> 00:14:59,760
and get in and that came down to about

382
00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:01,440
that far

383
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:02,800
and i'm sure

384
00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:05,600
his adrenaline was going big and we know

385
00:15:10,230 --> 00:15:07,120
on the ground we're watching his heart

386
00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:10,240
rate was over 220 beats a minute

387
00:15:15,189 --> 00:15:13,839
but ed made it in and he locked

388
00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:15,199
the hatch

389
00:15:18,389 --> 00:15:16,720
and from that

390
00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:18,399
what happened to ed

391
00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:20,800
probably saved gene cernan's life and

392
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:22,480
possibly mine

393
00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:25,760
because gene cernan on jimmy 9 did the

394
00:15:30,069 --> 00:15:28,240
first eva around the earth and he was to

395
00:15:31,110 --> 00:15:30,079
fly a rocket back

396
00:15:33,269 --> 00:15:31,120
but

397
00:15:35,030 --> 00:15:33,279
what we knew what we didn't know

398
00:15:36,949 --> 00:15:35,040
there was so much we thought we knew but

399
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:36,959
we didn't know we didn't even think

400
00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:39,839
about putting default on the

401
00:15:44,389 --> 00:15:42,160
and as soon as the sun went down

402
00:15:47,590 --> 00:15:44,399
gene completely fogged over

403
00:15:49,590 --> 00:15:47,600
he was completely blind could not see

404
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:49,600
and i was trying to he was out trying to

405
00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:51,680
work on the rocket black in the back

406
00:15:56,389 --> 00:15:53,279
blindfolded

407
00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:56,399
and i could see this is going nowhere

408
00:15:59,749 --> 00:15:57,920
so i called the

409
00:16:01,430 --> 00:15:59,759
space walk off

410
00:16:02,470 --> 00:16:01,440
and then

411
00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:02,480
i had to

412
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:04,240
fortunately put up a rear view mirror on

413
00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:05,600
the docking bar

414
00:16:12,389 --> 00:16:09,680
and see his hand come up over the top of

415
00:16:15,509 --> 00:16:12,399
the journey and i talked him back into

416
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:15,519
the cockpit meanwhile i was

417
00:16:19,269 --> 00:16:18,160
rolling in and pressurized this 25-foot

418
00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:19,279
tether

419
00:16:23,829 --> 00:16:21,680
it was like a big snake in the chimney

420
00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:23,839
cockpit you've seen germany here

421
00:16:29,189 --> 00:16:25,440
and in fact what you've seen over the

422
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:29,199
business center that was a spacecraft 79

423
00:16:31,910 --> 00:16:30,320
and

424
00:16:34,470 --> 00:16:31,920
from there

425
00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:34,480
i finally got back in but he's about

426
00:16:40,710 --> 00:16:37,680
this far up he jeans certainly could not

427
00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:40,720
get back in the spacecraft

428
00:16:46,150 --> 00:16:43,040
and he did the alley-oop whatever

429
00:16:48,949 --> 00:16:46,160
so i hooked up this bar and cable

430
00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:48,959
that they designed after ed's experience

431
00:16:53,990 --> 00:16:51,600
i said okay geno here we go

432
00:16:56,550 --> 00:16:54,000
so i took it out with both hands and did

433
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:56,560
all the leverage i had pulled the hatch

434
00:17:00,710 --> 00:16:59,440
down flat then held it with one arm then

435
00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:00,720
with the other hand

436
00:17:04,470 --> 00:17:03,120
guided his hand up on the lever

437
00:17:06,549 --> 00:17:04,480
and with that

438
00:17:08,309 --> 00:17:06,559
we got the hatch locked

439
00:17:11,590 --> 00:17:08,319
turned up the pressure he opened his

440
00:17:13,270 --> 00:17:11,600
visor his face was completely red

441
00:17:14,789 --> 00:17:13,280
and i grabbed the water gun and just

442
00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:14,799
hosed him down

443
00:17:18,309 --> 00:17:16,000
you're not supposed to have water in a

444
00:17:19,189 --> 00:17:18,319
spacecraft but i had to get him cooled

445
00:17:21,029 --> 00:17:19,199
off

446
00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:21,039
in that two hours and five minutes

447
00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:23,520
certainly lost 13 pounds

448
00:17:28,630 --> 00:17:26,240
that is not a good way to lose weight

449
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:28,640
so we said hey time out on

450
00:17:32,950 --> 00:17:30,320
walking and working in space till we

451
00:17:34,789 --> 00:17:32,960
really understand it so we made the next

452
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:34,799
two rather conservative and from that

453
00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:37,760
the idea came up of training underwater

454
00:17:42,789 --> 00:17:39,760
and you see now today on the space

455
00:17:44,710 --> 00:17:42,799
station bob i think we have 138

456
00:17:46,470 --> 00:17:44,720
space walks about that

457
00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:46,480
all very successful

458
00:17:50,470 --> 00:17:47,760
and they train

459
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:50,480
in that giant pool we have houston

460
00:17:54,549 --> 00:17:53,360
five to seven hours at a time

461
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:54,559
so it's

462
00:17:57,750 --> 00:17:56,080
it was that was the learning curve

463
00:17:59,830 --> 00:17:57,760
germany was the key

464
00:18:01,750 --> 00:17:59,840
also we know from history and seeing the

465
00:18:03,190 --> 00:18:01,760
soviet archives

466
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:03,200
chimney was the

467
00:18:08,470 --> 00:18:05,360
program that pushed us

468
00:18:11,669 --> 00:18:08,480
ahead of the soviets

469
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:11,679
and then on to apollo

470
00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:13,760
well first let's talk about ed

471
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:16,720
i first met ed

472
00:18:19,669 --> 00:18:18,320
at the susquehanna school i was an

473
00:18:21,750 --> 00:18:19,679
instructor

474
00:18:22,789 --> 00:18:21,760
ed was one of my students he did very

475
00:18:24,310 --> 00:18:22,799
well

476
00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:24,320
he was assigned

477
00:18:27,750 --> 00:18:26,160
as a test pilot

478
00:18:29,510 --> 00:18:27,760
right

479
00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:29,520
and i'd see him occasionally he'd come

480
00:18:32,070 --> 00:18:30,880
through and or i'd be at wright

481
00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:32,080
patterson

482
00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:34,559
and then we were together for the in the

483
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:36,080
final selection

484
00:18:39,590 --> 00:18:38,000
down in houston for the second group of

485
00:18:42,950 --> 00:18:39,600
astronauts that would do most of the

486
00:18:44,070 --> 00:18:42,960
germany and the apollo missions

487
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:44,080
and uh

488
00:18:47,990 --> 00:18:46,000
but we did as nasa says going to be

489
00:18:49,669 --> 00:18:48,000
delayed meanwhile i've been assigned to

490
00:18:52,070 --> 00:18:49,679
harvard business school

491
00:18:54,390 --> 00:18:52,080
so we stopped by wright patterson

492
00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:54,400
saw ed and pat

493
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:56,080
we had a party with a had a lot of

494
00:19:00,070 --> 00:18:58,160
students that write medicine

495
00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:00,080
i went on to harvard i was there for

496
00:19:05,190 --> 00:19:02,240
three days i got a call from dick

497
00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:05,200
are you still interested i said yes sir

498
00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:07,440
says get on down here in three days i

499
00:19:10,549 --> 00:19:08,559
said okay

500
00:19:12,310 --> 00:19:10,559
so i was a dropout i was the first drop

501
00:19:14,630 --> 00:19:12,320
out of the class to 64 of harvard

502
00:19:17,029 --> 00:19:14,640
business

503
00:19:19,029 --> 00:19:17,039
everywhere a little bit

504
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:19,039
and uh

505
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:21,520
so i was seeing

506
00:19:25,830 --> 00:19:23,840
quite a bit and

507
00:19:27,430 --> 00:19:25,840
ed was a wonderful person always had a

508
00:19:28,630 --> 00:19:27,440
very positive

509
00:19:30,070 --> 00:19:28,640
outgoing

510
00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:30,080
attitude

511
00:19:34,390 --> 00:19:32,400
good pilot

512
00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:34,400
roger shaffy

513
00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:35,360
i

514
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:37,600
got to know roger osama

515
00:19:42,070 --> 00:19:39,840
he was in the third group

516
00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:42,080
our assignments were not

517
00:19:45,830 --> 00:19:43,679
ever

518
00:19:47,590 --> 00:19:45,840
near the same area

519
00:19:49,430 --> 00:19:47,600
but

520
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:49,440
he had a good reputation

521
00:19:54,310 --> 00:19:51,120
he's a good pilot

522
00:19:57,990 --> 00:19:54,320
i know roger had great judgment because

523
00:19:59,830 --> 00:19:58,000
he married a lady from oklahoma city

524
00:20:02,630 --> 00:19:59,840
martha horn

525
00:20:05,190 --> 00:20:02,640
whose parents had a large feed store it

526
00:20:06,549 --> 00:20:05,200
wasn't a small feed store still there it

527
00:20:07,350 --> 00:20:06,559
is huge

528
00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:07,360
so

529
00:20:12,149 --> 00:20:09,520
roger had good judgment

530
00:20:14,230 --> 00:20:12,159
very positive person

531
00:20:15,190 --> 00:20:14,240
and

532
00:20:17,669 --> 00:20:15,200
so

533
00:20:18,950 --> 00:20:17,679
we finally got going on apollo

534
00:20:20,789 --> 00:20:18,960
after those

535
00:20:22,950 --> 00:20:20,799
ten gemini flights

536
00:20:24,789 --> 00:20:22,960
and uh

537
00:20:26,470 --> 00:20:24,799
they were assigned to the spacecraft

538
00:20:28,789 --> 00:20:26,480
that's depicted here i think it's serial

539
00:20:30,149 --> 00:20:28,799
number zero one two

540
00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:30,159
and uh

541
00:20:37,350 --> 00:20:33,280
i was assigned as a backup commander

542
00:20:39,830 --> 00:20:37,360
to the second apollo flight jim mcdevitt

543
00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:39,840
dave scott rusty schweikert

544
00:20:44,789 --> 00:20:42,640
i had john young and gene cernan

545
00:20:46,710 --> 00:20:44,799
and we were in los angeles

546
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:46,720
at the same time

547
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:48,720
at the same hour

548
00:20:53,909 --> 00:20:52,640
as this tragic accident occurred

549
00:20:56,230 --> 00:20:53,919
and

550
00:20:57,270 --> 00:20:56,240
anyway things were going so bad in the

551
00:20:59,029 --> 00:20:57,280
test

552
00:21:00,549 --> 00:20:59,039
that i was in charge of running in that

553
00:21:03,029 --> 00:21:00,559
spacecraft

554
00:21:05,110 --> 00:21:03,039
the water well glycol was leaking it was

555
00:21:06,149 --> 00:21:05,120
electrical short communications was

556
00:21:08,630 --> 00:21:06,159
cutting out

557
00:21:10,710 --> 00:21:08,640
i remember john young said

558
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:10,720
go to earth orbit go to the moon said

559
00:21:13,669 --> 00:21:12,159
hell this thing will never make its

560
00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:13,679
earth orbit

561
00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:16,480
and it was so bad i called the test off

562
00:21:21,909 --> 00:21:19,440
said we'll come back when you get this

563
00:21:23,270 --> 00:21:21,919
spacecraft fixed

564
00:21:24,710 --> 00:21:23,280
and uh

565
00:21:26,390 --> 00:21:24,720
so as i

566
00:21:29,029 --> 00:21:26,400
they started to get out of the hatches i

567
00:21:31,270 --> 00:21:29,039
mentioned to bob earlier

568
00:21:33,350 --> 00:21:31,280
it has and they're supposed to be so

569
00:21:35,510 --> 00:21:33,360
many seconds to open the hatch

570
00:21:36,789 --> 00:21:35,520
no way believe me

571
00:21:38,549 --> 00:21:36,799
and then if you have any pressure

572
00:21:40,070 --> 00:21:38,559
against it it makes it even more

573
00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:40,080
difficult

574
00:21:43,270 --> 00:21:41,280
but

575
00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:43,280
i got out and had emergency calls from

576
00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:44,640
al horton

577
00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:46,640
we're up on a set stand

578
00:21:52,149 --> 00:21:49,200
so we heard about the accident the cape

579
00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:52,159
he said no he said why said the fire on

580
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:53,520
the path

581
00:21:58,390 --> 00:21:56,080
i was fired i was thinking booster

582
00:22:00,789 --> 00:21:58,400
i said what about the crew

583
00:22:01,909 --> 00:22:00,799
he said unfortunately all three are dead

584
00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:01,919
listen

585
00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:04,000
i just didn't understand it

586
00:22:09,270 --> 00:22:06,960
i said al he was in a support room

587
00:22:12,789 --> 00:22:09,280
say out again are you sure he said yes

588
00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:12,799
i'm sure a fire in a spacecraft

589
00:22:15,350 --> 00:22:13,600
so

590
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:15,360
john and gene were still down in the

591
00:22:19,750 --> 00:22:17,679
spacecraft working cleaning up so i

592
00:22:21,190 --> 00:22:19,760
leaned down through the hat said come on

593
00:22:23,830 --> 00:22:21,200
get out of here quick

594
00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:23,840
i let them down to the floor

595
00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:25,360
got them out there so i don't know any

596
00:22:28,470 --> 00:22:26,640
details

597
00:22:30,390 --> 00:22:28,480
we've just got the word we've lost the

598
00:22:32,710 --> 00:22:30,400
first apollo crew

599
00:22:34,950 --> 00:22:32,720
at the cape on pad 34.

600
00:22:38,789 --> 00:22:34,960
i don't know any details so

601
00:22:40,789 --> 00:22:38,799
that night we got a 3 38's we flew back

602
00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:40,799
i remember the next morning i went to

603
00:22:46,549 --> 00:22:43,440
ed white's house south pat

604
00:22:49,510 --> 00:22:46,559
and my little children bonnie eddie

605
00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:49,520
but we were a group a family

606
00:22:53,110 --> 00:22:51,440
and as a way to admit the whole

607
00:22:54,549 --> 00:22:53,120
astronaut group was sure it was

608
00:22:55,750 --> 00:22:54,559
competition

609
00:22:58,230 --> 00:22:55,760
but

610
00:23:00,390 --> 00:22:58,240
there was no gas grissom

611
00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:00,400
to be out in north america

612
00:23:05,110 --> 00:23:02,080
there's about two years to get that

613
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:05,120
spacecraft scored away

614
00:23:08,470 --> 00:23:06,000
and

615
00:23:09,830 --> 00:23:08,480
fortunately when it came to the shuttle

616
00:23:12,070 --> 00:23:09,840
bob as you know

617
00:23:13,669 --> 00:23:12,080
there's a lot of time spent working on

618
00:23:14,710 --> 00:23:13,679
that

619
00:23:16,549 --> 00:23:14,720
and

620
00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:16,559
continue on so

621
00:23:20,470 --> 00:23:18,640
i think it's wonderful

622
00:23:22,870 --> 00:23:20,480
what you've done here

623
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:22,880
as one fighter pilots for another it's a

624
00:23:30,549 --> 00:23:28,710
so

625
00:23:32,549 --> 00:23:30,559
i'm just saying it's an honor to be here

626
00:23:33,430 --> 00:23:32,559
to talk to all of you

627
00:23:38,070 --> 00:23:33,440
and

628
00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:38,080
one time we're at the factory effective

629
00:23:42,390 --> 00:23:41,039
a lot of us we really just lived out

630
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:42,400
downing

631
00:23:46,230 --> 00:23:44,080
that's california

632
00:23:47,190 --> 00:23:46,240
and we're sitting around the table

633
00:23:50,149 --> 00:23:47,200
wallace

634
00:23:51,269 --> 00:23:50,159
myself john young jean cernan a couple

635
00:23:52,710 --> 00:23:51,279
others

636
00:23:54,549 --> 00:23:52,720
and there was a lot of other things

637
00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:54,559
besides the

638
00:23:58,789 --> 00:23:56,720
hatch that had to be opened from the

639
00:23:59,990 --> 00:23:58,799
outside

640
00:24:02,789 --> 00:24:00,000
series and

641
00:24:04,149 --> 00:24:02,799
the inflammable materials taken out

642
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:04,159
there's a series of other things that

643
00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:06,640
needed to be changed

644
00:24:09,830 --> 00:24:07,840
and we were just

645
00:24:13,029 --> 00:24:09,840
reasoning calculating

646
00:24:15,269 --> 00:24:13,039
that these three great heroes dying

647
00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:15,279
helped save at least one other flight

648
00:24:20,950 --> 00:24:18,480
probably in space or maybe two because

649
00:24:22,310 --> 00:24:20,960
had that accident occurred

650
00:24:23,990 --> 00:24:22,320
in space

651
00:24:26,310 --> 00:24:24,000
we would have never known

652
00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:26,320
exactly what would have happened

653
00:24:30,789 --> 00:24:28,799
and all the other things

654
00:24:33,029 --> 00:24:30,799
but we did find out what happened we

655
00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:33,039
made so many changes as we went to block

656
00:24:35,909 --> 00:24:33,840
2.

657
00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:35,919
it was so successful

658
00:24:40,789 --> 00:24:38,320
once we started flying

659
00:24:42,870 --> 00:24:40,799
there in october

660
00:24:44,549 --> 00:24:42,880
of 68

661
00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:44,559
7

662
00:24:49,510 --> 00:24:47,120
it was wally schiller

663
00:24:51,669 --> 00:24:49,520
john eisley paul cunningham i was a

664
00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:51,679
backup commander

665
00:24:55,590 --> 00:24:54,080
and it was john young

666
00:24:57,269 --> 00:24:55,600
gene cernan

667
00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:57,279
but in

668
00:25:01,350 --> 00:24:58,880
nine months

669
00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:01,360
we flew five million ships

670
00:25:06,630 --> 00:25:04,320
four of them on the giant saturn v

671
00:25:08,470 --> 00:25:06,640
three of those had lunar modules and

672
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:08,480
three of those to the moon

673
00:25:11,750 --> 00:25:10,640
the most successful flight test program

674
00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:11,760
ever

675
00:25:14,470 --> 00:25:13,200
but it started

676
00:25:16,070 --> 00:25:14,480
right back here

677
00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:16,080
with apollo 1.

678
00:25:19,909 --> 00:25:17,760
and it's so fitting

679
00:25:21,909 --> 00:25:19,919
that it's here it's on display

680
00:25:25,350 --> 00:25:21,919
so the public can see

681
00:25:26,230 --> 00:25:25,360
how we really did it and carried it out

682
00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:26,240
so

683
00:25:30,470 --> 00:25:28,480
to all the families god bless you

684
00:25:33,020 --> 00:25:30,480
great to see you again

685
00:25:52,870 --> 00:25:33,030
it's an honor to be here thank you

686
00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:54,870
thank you so much general tom at this

687
00:25:59,590 --> 00:25:57,200
time this concludes the uh formal

688
00:26:00,470 --> 00:25:59,600
ceremonies uh we'd like to open up the

689
00:26:02,470 --> 00:26:00,480
event

690
00:26:04,789 --> 00:26:02,480
and uh the exhibit i'd like to offer the

691
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:04,799
families uh one more opportunity if

692
00:26:09,990 --> 00:26:07,200
you'd like to be first to go through and

693
00:26:12,470 --> 00:26:10,000
as uh as the folks up here get through

694
00:26:15,830 --> 00:26:12,480
please everybody enjoy this